Accusative Case (Biernik)
Learn the accusative case to say what you have, like, love, see, and want.
The Accusative Case — Direct Objects
When to Use the Accusative
The accusative case marks the direct object — the thing being acted upon. Verbs like mieć (have), lubić (like), kochać (love), widzieć (see), znać (know), and chcieć (want) all take accusative objects.
The big rule: masculine INANIMATE nouns don't change in accusative. Masculine ANIMATE nouns (people, animals) change like genitive. Feminine -a → -ę. Neuter stays the same.
Accusative Endings Summary
Here are the accusative endings for singular nouns compared to their nominative forms.
For feminine nouns, just change -a to -ę. That covers most cases: kobieta → kobietę, siostra → siostrę, pizza → pizzę.
Accusative in Action
| Polish | English |
|---|---|
Mam kota. /mahm KOH-tah/ | I have a cat.Nominative: kot → Accusative: kota — Animate masculine changes! |
Lubię kawę. /LOO-byeh KAH-veh/ | I like coffee.Nominative: kawa → Accusative: kawę — Feminine -a → -ę |
Czytam książkę. /CHIH-tahm kshownsh-keh/ | I am reading a book.Nominative: książka → Accusative: książkę — Feminine -a → -ę |
Piję herbatę. /PEE-yeh hehr-BAH-teh/ | I am drinking tea.Nominative: herbata → Accusative: herbatę — Feminine -a → -ę |
Oglądam film. /oh-GLOHN-dahm feelm/ | I am watching a movie.Nominative: film → Accusative: film — Masc. inanimate — no change |
Znam Annę. /znahm AHN-neh/ | I know Anna.Nominative: Anna → Accusative: Annę — Names ending in -a also change to -ę |
Personal Pronouns in Accusative
Pronouns Change Too
When pronouns are the direct object, they take accusative forms. These must be memorized.
"Cię" is the short form of "ciebie" — use "cię" normally, and "ciebie" only for emphasis: "CIEBIE kocham!" (It's YOU I love!).
What Do You Like?
Co lubisz jeść?
What do you like to eat?
Lubię pizzę i pierogi. A ty?
I like pizza and pierogi. And you?
Ja kocham zupę pomidorową!
I love tomato soup!
Znasz dobrą restaurację?
Do you know a good restaurant?
Tak! Znam jedną na Starym Mieście. Mają dobrą polską kuchnię.
Yes! I know one in the Old Town. They have good Polish cuisine.
Świetnie! Chcę spróbować bigos.
Great! I want to try bigos (hunter's stew).