PolishPal

Grammar Reference

In-depth explanations with tables for the tricky parts — gender, cases, conjugations, and more.

15 topics5 categoriesA0 – A1

Nouns

1 topic

Noun Gender

Rodzaj rzeczownikaEvery Polish noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. The gender decides adjective and verb endings — master this first.

Cases

4 topics

The Cases — Overview

PrzypadkiPolish nouns change their endings depending on their role in the sentence. Here are the four cases from your A0 course and when to use each.

Accusative Case

BiernikThe case of the direct object. Used after mieć, lubić, znać, kochać, proszę, and "mam na sobie".

Instrumental Case

NarzędnikUsed to say what you ARE (jestem studentem), what you go BY, and after "z" meaning "with".

Genitive Case

DopełniaczThe case of negation and possession. Used after "nie ma", "z/do", quantities, and to show "of".

Verbs

3 topics

The Verb "Być" (To Be)

Czasownik byćThe most important verb in Polish. Irregular — memorize this table.

The Three Conjugations

KoniugacjeMost Polish verbs follow one of three ending-patterns. See them side by side.

znać vs wiedzieć vs umieć

Trzy czasowniki „wiedzy”Three verbs all translated as "to know" in English — but each is used differently. This trips up every learner.

Numbers

1 topic

Numbers Reference

LiczebnikiA complete chart from 1 to 1000, plus the tricky "lat vs lata" rule for age and counting.

Practical

6 topics

Telling the Time

Która godzina?Full hours, "past", "to", and the half-hour trick — with pronunciation for every form.

Polish Cities & Regions

Polskie miastaHow to say "I am FROM…" and "I LIVE IN…" for real Polish cities — two different case forms.

Pronouns Across Cases

ZaimkiPersonal and possessive pronouns and how they change form in each case.

Shopping & Money

Zakupy i pieniądzePhrases for shops, asking prices, paying, sizes, and trying things on — with full example dialogues.

Frequency Adverbs

Przysłówki częstotliwościHow often do you do something? See zawsze, zwykle, często, rzadko, nigdy on a visual scale from always to never.

Common Questions & How to Answer

Pytania i odpowiedziThe questions you will hear every day — and exactly how to answer them with the correct case and form.